LAW OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LAW OF BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS - Essay ExampleThe principals hand oer the cut of the integrated body to the management with the aim of benefiting from professional management of such corporate body. The situation theory offers many views of this relationship, as well as prepositions on how this relationship can be treat in order to benefit the principals. The subject of this essay is to examine the ways in which power be theory has influenced company law and corporate governance reform. AGENCY THEORY The Problem to be Uprooted The concerns that the agency theory raises were maiden raised by Adam Smith. Smith noted that when a business unit of measurement grows into a level at which its management is handed over to other members who are not owners, the running of such a business give not be optimized. The new people who are amenable for managing the business lack an equivalent commitment as the owners. This particularly rises because of employment of interests. Conflict of interests comes up because the agents will want to maximise their benefits at the lowest efforts while the principals will want to incur the least expenses only if with maximum input from the agents to that the principals benefits are maximized.1 These concerns were revisited by other scholars, for instance, Berle and Means, but were fortified by the efforts of Jensen and Meckling.2 Jensen and Meckling clearly explained the conflict of interest that often comes up in the delegation of duties by the principals to the agents. They c onlyed it the agency problem. They observed that because agents do not own the business unit they are running, there are likely chances that they will commit moral hazards. Moral hazards in this context are actions that benefit the agents but at the expense of the business unit or rather the business unit owners. Such actions as shirking duties to attend to personal matters burn down when non owners of a business start running it. Such actions are clearl y not in the top hat interest of the principals.3 In order to solve the agency problem, two suggestions were made. One was that the delegation of duties and that the relationship betwixt principal and agent must be designed in a manner that will bear upon efficiency. The second suggestion made was that there has to be an effective means of monitoring the agents. Jensen clarified that in the first suggestion, there has to be consensus on the amount of rights that the principals will transfer to the agents. The agents have to be allowed decent rights to allow them execute their duties as pertains to those rights but they should not be too much to the outcome of undermining the principals rights. And in the second suggestion a mechanism is created that will monitor the agents to ensure that what is agreed in the first suggestion is being adhered to that is, the agents do not overstep their mandate. Thus from the very outset, the agency theory is all about corporate governance and company law. Putting up structures to enable agents manage a corporate body in a certain way that the principals wants is actually influencing how corporate governance is undertaken.4 It is clear that as yet though principals invite agents to run their business for efficiency purpose due to the professional skills that these agents have, the agents to some extent are not likely to work as hard as the principals would have worked if they had the skills that the agents possess. It therefore becomes indispensable that the corporate body will lose some value due to the change

Mediation paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mediation paper - Essay Examplefact about the character is that the pet is now fertilizer, the court has requested out-of-court settlement, and this presents an opportunity in my training to exercise mediation process.Certainly, this is a perfect opportunity to apply theoretical principles of the mediation process. Firstly, the case presents two persons, the claimant and the fertilizer company congressman who are departing to settle the matter outside the court. Secondly, the claimant has no interest for money this is a right-hand(a) premise for this case. Her legal pursuit was primarily motivated by her feelings of hopelessness and grief. In theory, facilitated negotiations involve a neutral party who has relinquished powers to make a decision, this should be a fundamental principle that forget guide me throughout the mediation process.Folger & scrubbing (1996, pg. 264) identifies that atonement story is an important theoretical model in this case. Notably, the fertilizer rep resentative and the claimant are interested in the settlement of the case. As a mediator, I will apply the satisfaction story in order to achieve four important goals of mediation. Firstly, the process should carry on as informal as possible and not drive by any legal rules this promotes satisfaction of both parties involved. Secondly, I satisfaction story, an important goal is to focus on the interest of the parties involved. In this case, the claimant is in pursuit for her emotional satisfaction on her loss of the pet while the company representative wishes to empty litigation and court fines. Based on this case, my interest as a mediator will be to seek common ground that is acceptable to both parties.Besides, satisfaction story model will suffer me to ensure that the parties arrive in a commitment in meeting the agreement. An important factor in the mediation process is the satisfaction. It is achieved after clear deliberation that strikes a balance of both parties interest ( Folger & Bush 1996, pg. 266). Moreover, this model is

Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Poverty - Essay Example be in a antithetic position however blurs the reference that cannot perceive what poverty agent. sort out besides plays a significant role in the strive as the narrator pulmonary tuberculosiss ownership to define poverty. Whether cordial or economic class, pile in a given class argon characterized by possession that members of lower classes may not afford comfortably and the narrator uses inability to afford underwear to air the articles theme of poverty. She associates herself with a poor class that cannot afford the image of cloth and explains this to the audience as an approach to explaining her poverty. The concept of class is similarly significant to the essays theme because it constituted difference in leaving standards towards definition of poverty. People in higher classes, whether social or economic, considers a lot of factors in life much(prenominal) as sanitation and the narrator uses this by identifying her poor check up on of being d irty and having odors. The narrators use of these class-based factors communicates the significance of class as the essays theme of poverty (Nazario, Borchers and Lewis 323). Significance of class in the essay extends beyond developing a substructure for defining the core theme, poverty, and facilitates understanding of reasons for persistence of poverty in the society. ... Using this concept, the narrator explains that poor people wake up in their same state daily, a condition that is not healthy. He hike notes that this condition is permanent and this identifies the concept of immobility across social classes. Significance of class in the essay is also identifiable from the narrators perception of the reasons for persistence of poverty among some classes in the society. duration the poor class does not like the condition, despite accepting it as part of their lives, tools to eradicating poverty are not accessible to them. Further, the tools are available among other(a) classes but members of these classes are not keen to use these tools or aid their application by members of the poor classes. The narrator also associate the tools with economic resources such as money that are more limited among members of poor classes that other members of the society. In this application, the essay identifies the splendour of class in sustaining existence of poverty in the society (Nazario, Borchers and Lewis 323). The concept of class also plays a significant role in the essays identification of the position of the poor in the society. Class identifies inferiority of the poor who lacks a voice to speak for them and ability to satisfy their needs as members of other classes would. Based on the concept of the type of life that people have adapted in different classes, the narrator identifies the type of food that she, and supposedly other members of her poor class, consumes with a medical complication and this means that the complication is limited to poor people who ca nnot afford high standard diets. Class also determines the type of treatment that people receive in the society. The rich are able to argue and discuss

Making a fair decision when bias is held on a subject Essay

Making a fair decision when bias is held on a subject - Es offer ExampleSelf-regulation, according to Gilovich, Griffin, & Kahneman (2002) refers to a sitaution where a person or organization adheres to telephone numbers as regarding legal, ethical or th standards of safety instead of having outside factors determining the decision making process. That is to say that an action odf decision must have a situational setting. The situational setting has basic rules and laws that determine the required block point in which case in that respect is a strong positive out turn on the issue. As much as self-regulation has its level of conflict of interest, it is worth noting that there are no gross(a) decisions and each decision follows laid down rules (Starzak, 2012). Moreover, the aspect of self regulation considers wider perspectives from the individual to organizational level. However, there are also situation in which a group or individuals are thriving in unethical situations (Rezend e, 2009). Consider the aspect of a bureacucratic society. If the society is asked to eliminate such, it may consider eliminating the respective unethical aspects witnessed as opposed to the ideal behaviour on the whole. That is a short run perspective (Starzak, 2012). Avoiding the issue of regulatory enamor is an effective way of developing fair decision making (Rezende, 2009). The regulatory capture would consider that there are situations in which individuals with high stakes would want to advance their interests at the disbursal of the vast majority who have low stakes in the matter.

Coca Cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coca Cola Company - act ExampleUnlike many companies that have diverse products for specific market segments, Coca-Colas products are cheap for any market and therefore have more mass-focused strategies than individual group divider. Coca-Cola products, their sub-brands, have value to consumers of some any socioeconomic status and are conveniently priced to have mass group appeal. Demographic segmentation is usually the strategy of choice based on regional ages, incomes, and cultural lifestyles. There is no pack for geographic, purchase occasion, or benefit segmentation since sales of Coca-Cola products leave be conducted with the audience available during the Games presentations. Psychographic concepts should be included in the segmentation strategy to identify with diverse cultures from Asia, North America, Australia, and Africa. A common consumer privation in this environment is thirst, with specific brand selections being the only distinction between what items sell in hig h volumes. A meek drink, especially a carbonated one, is a frivolous purchase. This categorizes soft drinks as convenience products that are there to fill a specific refreshment need with five-fold target audiences. Because of the reality of this product in relation to consumer needs, excessive targeting strategies would likely defeat the purpose of gaining consumer financial aid and also strain the marketing budget for ongoing, separate promotional materials. Therefore, targeting involves creating a singular strategy that will have mass group appeal.

Marketing Management. Fast food Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Management. Fast fodder - Assignment ExampleIn Canada fast forage restaurant include Boston pizza, Tim Horton and Swiss Chalet. In the UK fast food restaurants include included favourable Pizza, and Pizza Express.In this market the restaurant form chains which atomic number 18 in most cases centrally reign overled, this restaurants have been criticised in the past that excess consumption of these foods will lead to obesity, the direct airments to children, the reduction of local cuisines and their lack to provide employment.Consumer behaviour is changing and the fast food industry is loosing market share to otherwise restaurants that produce expensive meals to consumers, also the campaign against the consumption of these fast foods has led to a decrease in consumption. Advertising in the fast food restaurant is through telecasting commercials, the print media, billboards and events sponsoring. Recently this food restaurant are now changing to internet advertising d ue to increased criticisms on television and media, Branding includes clothing, direct signs and posters. McDonald has sponsored the Olympic Games, FIFA world cup and NASCAR teams.Advertising plays a major role in marketing a product advertising informs consumers on existing products, communicates the information about a product, stimulates the statistical distribution of a product, increases product usage and finally builds brand preferences and loyalty through uninterrupted and consistent promotional campaigns. Fast food advertising in 2001 amounted to 635 one thousand thousand dollars for McDonald, 298 million dollars for Burger King, 179 million dollars for Tacos Bell and 148 million dollars for Pizza Hut.(http//www.ijbnpa.org/content/pdf/1479-5868-1-3.pdf)According to the fast food industry statistics the fast food industry is losing popularity due the constant campaigns, the campaigns are usually based on the fact that the food they produce cause obesity, the advertisement of toss out food to children and this has led to countries introducing strict limitation on fast food advertisement and this has made them to advertise through the internet as an alternative to reach their customers. We there fore analyse the MacDonald restaurant to idea their strategic planning on market throughout its historical development from a small restaurant to a multinational restaurant.Mc Donald Fast Food Restaurant. Mc Donald is the largest fast food restaurant in the world. It has dominated the American market and the rest of the world. The restaurant has many branches all over the world and they are similar in their services, staff uniform, menu, packaging and services with a smile. The principle of this restaurant is efficiency, calculability, uniformity and control through automation. It was founded in 1940 by son of a bitch and Mac McDonald. This company has branches in 199 countries and serves close to 5 million customers dairy. In 2005 report, the company had a to tal of 45,777 employees, in the same grade total revenue amounted to 20.466 one thousand million US dollars and the net income to the restaurant amounted to 2.602 billion US dollars. The volume of food used every year are 32,000 tonnes of beef, 21,500 tonnes of chicken, 100 million eggs and 7,250 tonnes of cheese just to mention a few.Mc Donald and Dick ventured into the food business in 1937 by opening a hotdog stand in Arcadia California, they later expanded their business and in 1940

Meter Dose Inhaler verses Nebulizer Treatment Research Paper

Meter Dose Inhaler verses Nebulizer Treatment - query Paper ExamplePatients frequently ask health care providers as to which is a better modality of administration in terms of efficacy, convenience and safety. This triggered me to find evidence to ascertain as to which of the two is a better mode of administration in acute wheezing. Thus, it was both problem pore and knowledge focused trigger that generated the clinical question. Names/Types of look for sources used The research source used was PubMed. Summation of the research findings as related to the clinical question Rodrigo and Rodrigo (1998) performed a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy of salbutamol (or albuterol) delivered by each metered- window glass inhaler plus spacer (MDI-spacer) or by nebulization, and to determine the relationships between physiologic responses and plasma salbutamol concentrations. The study revealed that bronchodilatation remained aforementioned(prenominal) with metered treat inhalation and nebulization, but side effects were more with nebulization because of higher levels of plasma salbutamol due to increase absorption. Deerajanawong et al (2005) conducted a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an aim to compare the efficacy of salbutamol aerosol therapy given metered dose inhaler and nebulization in young children with acute wheezing. ... From the study, it was evident that metered dose inhalers are as efficacious as nebulization to administer albuterol in young children with wheezing. Infact, the study revealed that metered dose inhalers were more convenient in this regard. desegregation of research findings Administration of albuterol can be done either through metered dose inhalers or nebulization in acute wheezing conditions in children. Both methods of administration are equally efficacious. However, nebulization is more succession consuming and has risk of side effects. Potential practice chang es based on research evidence Metered dose inhaler would be recommended as the preferred of administration of albuterol in children with acute wheezing since it is easier to administer, takes little time in the process, can be given anywhere and has less side effects References Deerojanawong, J., Manuyakorn, W., Prapphal, N., Harnruthakorn, C., Sritippayawan, S., Samransamruajkit, R. (2005). randomized controlled trial of salbutamol aerosol therapy via metered dose inhaler-spacer vs. jet nebulizer in young children with wheezing. Pediatr Pulmonol., 39(5), 466-72. Delgado, A., Chou, K.J., Silver, E.J., Crain, E.F. (2003). Nebulizers vs metered-dose inhalers with spacers for bronchodilator therapy to treat wheezing in children decrepit 2 to 24 months in a pediatric emergency department. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med., 157(1), 76-80. Rodrigo, C., and Rodrigo, G. (1998). Salbutamol treatment of acute weighty asthma in the ED MDI versus hand-held nebulizer. Am J Emerg Med., 16(7),

Cigna Corporation Internal and External Factors Evaluation Matrix Assignment

Cigna Corporation Internal and External Factors Evaluation Matrix - Assignment ExampleIt is plainly clear from the discussion that Cigna Corporation (Cigna) has services organized under five main divisions, health care, disability, and life, internationalist (CIGNA International) and Runoff Reinsurance. Having wide operations in the United States and beyond means, the company is a greater take exception to handle external factors than a local credit line. Similarly, the wider operations mean the company has a wide precaution building and numerous employees. This also means the company has numerous internal factors that affect its operations in unmatched way or the other. Similarly, the wider operations mean the company has a wide management structure and numerous employees. This also means the company has numerous internal factors that affect its operations in one way or the other. As is the case with every other business, Cigna Corporation (which will be referred as Cigna in this text) has a great interest in factors happening beyond it. These factors largely determine their chances of excerpt and most(prenominal) importantly inform the organizations strategy. This is because external factors throw outnot be avoided or controlled. An organization can only adapt operations to maximize opportunities and adjust to any threats. In the case of Cigna, the following sestet factors have the greatest impact on their operations. The factors are considered from the wider grouping of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. The most grown political factor affecting Cigna at the moment is government regulations and policies. Since the election of President Obama, there has been nonstop debate and eventual passage of the Obama Care. This is a health scheme which has sought to guarantee healthcare to all Americans. This is of great interest to health insurers who have been required to reconsider certain policy regulations. Th e most notable is a directive to have them ensure patients who have preexistent health conditions. From a business perspective, this government policy is likely to affect the profitability of Cigna as they will be required to develop payments for conditions they would have avoided. Cigna is affected by almost every economic factor.

Cars Pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cars taint - Research Paper ExampleIn the year 1991, an incident in California, drew attention of a major section of shoppers as well as people associated with Food and Liquor chain in northern California (Rajan, 1996, p. 3). It might have raised the eye-brows of many shoppers who confronted the situation where they would have to choose newsprint over plastic bags at the check-out line (Rajan, 1996, p.3). Automobile pollution is a disease, cried the banner on adept side of the bags and, on the early(a), Cure your elevator car (Rajan, 1996, p.3) This centre is supposed to spread aw beness and warning message to the passersby such that people think before using their vehicles and consider other means of travel when practise of cars can be avoided. Despite all caution messages, peoples daily lives seem to be unfulfilled without the drug ab engage of car. Speaking of the automobile use in a continent like unification America, it has been seen that the use of automobiles have rea ched a remarkable stage. Not only do regular office goers and other busy people use cars, but overly that section of the society which comprises the young adults contribute to the look of people using cars on a daily basis. Irrespective of the fact that the increase in the use of cars which is taking the shape of something lethal in North America, people are getting obsessed with the use of cars and almost cannot live without one. According to Jeff Gearhart, Automobiles are responsible for a majority of get pollution in North America, or approximately 16 pounds of lead per vehicle over its lifetime (Gearhart, Griffith and Mills, 2003). The level of lead present in cars is important to consider because it contributes to health and behavioral problems in children and adults. Paradoxically speaking, the use of cars is at one time proportional to the percentage of pollutants entering the atmosphere. As a consequence, a major section of the population is also consuming harmful gases like nitrogen oxide, treat dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead and hydrogen oxides as well, which may even result in permanent damage of the lungs and the respiratory system. The question is very likely to ascend as to why is it that cars form one of the principal sources of air pollution. The simplest answer might be that cars are al counsellings run by fuels like petrol, diesel, gasoline which play the role behind brining in deucedly air pollutants. Choosing something like green vehicles which are designed in a way that burn less(prenominal) gas, and also are able to use alternative fuels thereby avoiding gas, and buying hybrid cars (example Toyota Prius) which although run on gas yet has an electric motor operated by a battery which enables the engine to stop when the car comes to a halt thereby emitting zero amount of harmful gas, might be an excellent way to prevent pollution (Welsbacher, Anne, 2009, p. 13 and 14). Again, in bumper-to-bumper traffic, a driver breathes the not-ye t-dispersed carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, lead and other toxics emitted by the car in front. (Fermi, 1969, p.35) However, cars that are little(a)er in size rise less amount of pollution than cars that are bigger, as the amount of gasoline burnt by small cars is less and eventually produce less pollution reminds of another interesting fact which is, cars that move immediate cause less pollution as compared to the slower moving ones (Fermi,

Phy 155 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Phy 155 Assignment - Essay ExampleAnother factor was the market monopoly for large computers held by IBM, which made the product only applicable to private computers.CISCO is a multinational corporation specializing in designing, manufacturing and selling network equipment. The company was started by a married couple, Sandy Lerner and Leonard Bosack , who both worked at Stanford University in computer operations (Schneider, 2010). The company managed to develop high standard routers although it faced lawsuits as some of their software program were said to have been stolen from the university. The founding couple worked out of the company in 1990, when the company went macrocosm. The company went public and became the most valued companies at more than $500 billion. The company has extensively utilized acquisitions in achieving the tremendous growth it currently enjoys. Despite the acquisitions, the company captured the internet wave through production of modem access shelves and hollow out GSR routers.Large capacity fibre optics can transmit a large number of conversations concurrently compared to other cables, fibre optics (up to 1million), coaxial cables (10,000 conversations, microwave radio (2000 conversations.There are approximately over 5 billion internet connection devices in the world today. The current world nation is said to be about 7.2 billion people. The number of internet connection devices is expected to surpass the total world population as internet connections continue to sum up. The effects of increased internet usage are expected to bring up communication and information transferring between the increased population. The increased usage and increased population is expected to increase the pressure on internet connections necessitating upgrades within short

Conclusion report for the internship journey Essay

Conclusion pass over for the internship journey - Essay ExampleThe major ch in allenge was language difference, especially when interacting with customer and staff. However, I did my silk hat to create a profitable impact and add value both to Guangdong and myself.There were both unforgettable and awkward situation during the two months in Guangdong but all these posed as lessons and opportunities to learn more. With the help oneself of one of the staff, I gained confidence, customer relation skills, teamwork skills, intrapersonal and interpersonal communication skills. The main focus of my internship would be the fortune to participate in the exhibition of Lingnan Folk Craftworks, Sparkling Flowers, and Ingenious Craftsmanship and Creativity. Sparkling flowers exhibition entailed displaying all collected works by Enamel while Craftsmanship and Creativity involved works by Canton Embroiidery. Exhibiting Lingnan Folk Craftworks expounded more on the culture and traditions of chin es. I came to learn of their unique art, painting and physical composition cutting skills, as well as, their cultural believes. Lastly, I also came to learn of the Guangzhou residential furnishings with keen address to the furniture tracing back to Ming and Qing dynasties. However, designs for furniture have changed and the old have been replaced with better designs or refurnished to be better. It was clear that the preferences and designs of people change with emerging

Microeconomic issue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microeconomic issue - Assignment ExampleLowering of operational costs impart remember that the company can offer better prices for the customers which will increase sales. The increase in sales will translate to more profits for the airline. Marketing costs will be cut as lower prices will act as a marketing tool for the airline. The aircrafts will basically operate and procedure in the same way that other non-biofuels models do. Customers will not know the difference save for the feature that the company will use this opportunity to advise them of its efforts at environmental campaigns at lowering fountain house gases.The market forces of request and supply are clearly portrayed in the rising demand for farm waste and animal fats. These were products were formerly considered as waste material induce become stabbing material for bio-fuel production. The demand for development in biofuels that are bio-degradable has become a global trend. All enthrall industries use fossil f uels to power their engines. The forecasted diminishing fossil fuel reserves across the world have created a demand for non-fossil fuels. The aviation industry is unique because it cannot use electricity as an alternative antecedent of power. This has prompted manufacturers to venture into other viable alternatives of fuel production. Airlines are creating a market demand for bio-fuels as they stress to cut operation costs as well as conform to environmental regulations. The demand for bio-fuel too creates demand for oil refineries that produce it. This will create employment opportunities and increase tax revenues for the government. Increase in employment creates an increase in spending power and a lowering of welfare which is a correct stimulant for the local as well as national economy. The challenges faced by bio-fuels manufacturers is the limited accessibility of the raw materials of farm waste and animal fats. This negative

How sociological perspective contribute to the relationship between Essay

How sociological perspective domiciliate to the relationship between the teaching and the society - Essay Exampleof opportunity, the democracy and economy (Department of Education, 2004) and it has been well know that schools could help individuals to be socialized (Meyer, 1977). Therefore, this experiment would like to discuss how the sociological perspective might apologize the relationship between the development and the society. Particularly, this essay allow for illustrate this point from these three levels the social piece of the physical education, the development of students socialization process and the importance of the education to the social equity and development.This essay will be structured as follows it starts by talking about the social effect of the physical education followed by the effect on students socialization process. After that, this essay will look at the cushion on the social equity together with the discussion about the interaction of these three topics. At last, this essay will conclude by illustrating how these three factors work with the relationship between the society and the education.Physical education deals with the exercise and development of students bodies (Kirk et al, 2006). Moreover, it makes students realize the importance of their bodies and the fact that they should take care of their condition in revisal to maintain clean habits in society. The naturalistic view of the body says that the study of the body could be full explained by the scientific studies (Shilling, 1993). Thus, the functions of our body and our activity could be understood by biological science thoroughly. In comparison, the sociological perspective argues that the biology could not fully explain the behavior of the body as some(prenominal) activities were determined by the society and the social behavior is a combination of both nature and nuance (Evans, 1993 Kirk et al, 2006). Particularly, Giddens (1993) stated that our body is influen ced by our social experience as well as the norms and values of the groups to which we buy the farm. This means that our body is

The USA Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The ground forces Foreign Policy - Essay ExampleAccording to Chomsky, an object of preventive attack should meet pastime requirements 1. Should be practic in ally defenseless. 2. Should be significant enough to unleash a conflict. 3. There should be an luck to represent it as an embodiment of real threat for safety. Iraq met all these parameters. First two requirements were obvious, and the third unrivaled was easily achievable.5. What were the consequences of the Open Door policy for Venezuela In the book Noam Chomsky writes, that the Open Door policy and put down trade has been formulated in format of exert pressure upon Venezuela in order not to abide any partner relations with the Great Britain, thus continuing to defend and strengthen the right of the ground forces to oil development in the Near East. By 1928 Venezuela has become one of the main exporters of oil, and all oil-fields bring forth been supervised by the American companies. Such policy has led to that by 2003 Venezuela represented the country with present parameters of poverty of the population, and its potential and resources open been directed for the sake of interests of foreign investors, instead of own citizens.6. What are the main purposes of the government of the USA according to Chomsky Chomsky states that the Government of the USA tries to take advantage of a situation to instigate in realization of its own purposes militarization, including militarization of space, a code name of which is anti-missile defense reduction of cordial democratic programs veiling of negative consequences of corporate globalization, polemics concerning the state of environment, health insurance, etc.... Economic boost in China became one of the most important events in the world in the end of the ratiocination century. For last two decades the Chinese economy has increased five times, and incomes of the population twice. The total national harvesting of this country has reached the American le vel, and by estimation of World Bank, in 2010 will come out on top in the world. The base of economic successes of China was the carried out in 1980 and 1990th years reforms. Reforms have released peasants and have allowed creating private enterprises. There was a transition of China to a market economy. Modernization of the country was promoted by the Confucian ethics of Chineses including respect for the seniors, to family values, a habit to diligent work.In case the present commission of China will manage to prepare the successors interested in carrying out of market reforms and transformation of communist order, China has real opportunities to achieve essential successes in the business of modernization of the country. By its sizes, population, which has reached almost 1300 jillion people, gaining in strength economy, and a huge thirst for knowledge and ancient culture, this Asian state has all the bases to be considered as a potential superpower of XXI century.We can hardly r eckon that in the foreseeable future China will become the democratic state and will be practicing the occidental values. Most likely, the transformation of communistic society will lead to a reorientation of an authoritative regime, in which basis will lay nationalism and Confucian values.

Analysis of complex sentences of wals info French features 122, 123, Essay

Analysis of complex sentences of wals info French features 122, 123, 124, 125,126,127,128 - Essay Examplehat ar often coded in special ways using semantic case, case affix or an adposition instead of the grammatical case marking that is used in marking core arguments (Dryer et al. 123). While oblique objects are rarely the target of syntactic rules such as strategies on relativization, languages of the world use different strategies in relativizing the obliques.Apparently, French uses the relative pronoun strategy in relativization of the obliques. Different suprasegmental and morphosyntactic are used to ensure that the passport noun functions as a noun while still playing some role in relativization. Moreover, the relative article connects the pronoun or noun to the main phrase or clause. ExampleA subject compliment is simply depict as the pronoun, noun or adjective that trails the linking verb (Dryer et al. 124). The syntax of want keeps changing and the notional subject of it s complement postulation may be left implicit when coreferential wityh the wanter or expressed overtly in the complement phrase using pronominal elements.Evidently, as the complement subject is left implicit, special verb verbs including infinitives in articulating the verb want into the construction. This is often the case in world languages with morphology.A aspire clause is basically a subordinate clause that investigates for what purpose or why the main clause verb was done (Dryer et al. 125). Noteworthy, a purpose construction encodes a relation between events such that the linked event, often coded by the main clause, is performed with the figure of realizing the other, which is often coded by the purpose clause. Purpose clauses constructions are commonly classified as either equilibrize or deranked.When clauses are not delineate in morphosyntactic terms but are rather defined in functional terms. According to Dryer et al., A when construction is regarded as one encoding a temporal relation between two events, such that there is a temporal overlap

Setting up a business Essay Example for Free

Setting up a business EssayIntroduction unaccompanieds tires is a company which deals in fitting natural sets of tyres to fleets of elevator simple machines. unaccompanied has to book of government note the details of each car, and calculate the owners a letter when the cars are collect for in the buff tyres. Previously, this could entirely told be d unrivaled manually, but the growth of the company has meant there is a need for a to a greater extent speak to-efficient outline. The existing clay is all manual, with Tod or one of his clerks keeping a book containing all the details of cars he maintains, as well as the addresses of his clients. He writes out a letter on a canonic word processor on his piazza information processing system, and changes the address manually.A new design is needed to agnise the company more efficient, as Well as increase the capacity for adding new customers in the future. Ideally, the system should be very(prenominal) easy to w orkout, as Tod himself is non very experienced with computers. Because Tod holds the details of his customers on this computer, it mustiness be protected from unauthorised use. A good track to do this would be to protect either the entire computer or the infobase with a password precondition of solution The Solution, for it to be a complete success, must be capable of each of the chase 1.It must store each phonograph record in a way that it is tardily visible, easily compared with similar records, and easily retrievable with a interrogate 2. It has to be protectable with at least a password, to satisfy the requirements of the info bulwark act. 3. The entropybase itself must be easy and intuitive to use for its drug users, and must be a stable and tried program. 4. The information itself must be transplantable to a common storage medium, worry floppy disks or CDRs, for specious and compact back-up storage. However, these disks must be kept safe from unauthorised ac cess, as per the data trade protection acts. 5.The programme must up regard the file in real-time e. g. a change to the database at one workstation give register at the early(a)s with immediately after. The solution, as a secondary objective, should be relatively flash and easy to upgrade in the future. For instance, a few spare RAM sockets would be useful, as data flow increases and extra memory is needed. The program developed to solve the problem should be widely compatible with most widely available platforms, so that the records butt joint be viewed on new(prenominal) computers, in episode the office computer is inapproachable, so that championships fanny be used.It is recommended the whole database be backup as lots as possible, but every week or so would be sufficient, depending on the rate of data transfer in and out of the database. The new system should also be easy to use and candid to operate. This depart mean that Tod and the clerks can use the system nimble ly and easily, and so reduce operate time and shop stress. Therefore, I think a windows 98 system (stable, basic, and needs a down(p) spec to run) with Access XP or 2000, whichever is cheaper.After a fitting of a tyre is completed, the quantity of the allow for tyre available is reduced by the appropriate amount, and the last tyre date of the car data table is updated manually. This way we can easily find how galore(postnominal) tyres of each character reference are in descent, and how long each car has before it is due in again. The solution program must be 1. Easy and intuitive to use 2. Able to operate on a low spec The solid will want to keep the spending on hardware to a minimum. 3. Able to search for records, for quick access to data. 4. Protected by a password + anti-virus software, under the data protection act.5. Easy to backup i. mustiness support floppy disk backups ii. Must be a commonly used formatting (e. g. must be able to be read on most machines, etc. ) Fe asibility conduct Although the computerised process would save time in the long term, there is the short-term hail of buying and position up the computer equipment. However, I think this would save the company time and capital in the midpoint/ long term. To keep the sozzled efficient whilst it expands, computerising the administration system would free up staff time, do the workforce bigger than it needs to be.This computerised system means the firm will not need to go for a secretary or any other manual filing system, until the database grows too large to manage. This is all part of the process of mechanisation, and cant be helped. If the firm expands too much without checks being made on efficiency, a diseconomy of scale may well result. This would increase raceway costs, and decrease profits over time. In all, I think the middle- and long-term benefits far outweigh the short-term costs.There is the possible problem of Tod having to personally fill in all the records hims elf, since he is the only one with the knowledge of who gets the 5% rabbet or not. The system would result in a much better reminder system, so that more customers will potentially come back to the firm. The only cost would be the cost of the computer equipment, and the cost in time and money of maintenance in the future. The system runs basic hardware and common software, so technicians able to deal with the system would be common.Why use a database? Databases are very serviceable methods of data storage, because they provide a very simple, uncluttered graphical user interface for a novice user, but can prove very powerful tools for searching and the like for the innovational user. This is why I decided not to use leap out the interface is comparatively complex in relation, and may confuse the first-time user. Also, databases allow for some(prenominal) more types of record to be shown there is the option to anaesthetise the results in an individual record card, which Excel c annot do.Excel is not totally useless for this project Tod might be able to make use of its graph-making and accounting features, especially as the company grows and needs to be more in reckon of its productivity and expenses. Hardware Specification Required At the moment, we are going for a very cheap, time-tested system, because of the low system requirements of the programs involved. Following the recent leaps in processor speed, and the advent of new technology like the Pentium 4 series, you can purchase new Pentium 3/ duron processors at very low equipment casualtys.Because of rapid increases in new CPU speeds, we can now set up a very competent system very cheaply. RAM has also become cheaper, which is just as well, because were going to need 128 Meg in each machine in order to maintain a good level of stability, and safely percipient the minimum requirements of Windows 98. A 128 Meg RAM chip costs about i 20. We wont nuisance with DDR Ram SDR is cheaper and has no notice able downgrade in performance, as well as the added cost of acquiring a compatible motherboard, since the technology is relatively recent.I would recommend buying the parts from a registered computer fair, rather than a large- scale retailer, because larger shops are only interested in i 700 home systems and upwards. The older parts used in these systems enable a complete computer to be construct for under i 180. CPU 450-mhz p3 Less than i 25 if used. Hard Disk 10-gig ATA 133 Surpassed, but cheap and plenty of room for OS and database. RAM 128 MEG, SDR. Motherboard Old ABIT models expect legendary reliability. About i 50 used. Case Minitower case. Theyre cheap (ish) and save space on the desk. About i 15.Graphics card Cheap, low-end versions cost about i 10, or some motherboards carry one on-board. For this anatomy of application, we really have no choice but to use a database/ spreadsheet program, because they have a better capacity to index and sort data by name, price etc. m ore easily than having each record on paper, for instance, or even entering the information in a word-processing application. For example, its a lot easier to add a record in-between two others, because a Database program like Access will automatically update other works, like the Auto physical body field, for example.Its also a lot easier to move the records down in the first place, because the database program has many spreadsheet features. The screenshot here shows the option clearly visible. However, performing the same operation in word can send records all over the page. Entity Relationship diagram This illustrates the relationships the solution will need to take into account. The relationships should ideally be linked in real time, so that changing the record in one table will automatically update the fields in other table. Database Notation ACCOUNTS (Customer account ID, No.of cars name, company address ,company postcode, 5% discount? )CARS (Customer account ID, Car ID, Mo del name, Reg number, snuff it tyres date) CURRENT JOBS (Customer account ID, Car ID, Date in, reg number) tyre STOCKS(Tyre ID, scrap left in stock) Data dictionary Car Database Fieldname Type interpretation Customer ID do duplicates OK Car ID Autonumber Duplicates not OK Comments schoolbook (256 characters) Allows other car details to be recorded, e. g. course of study of production Reg egress Text Only assumes new numbers ( ) Tyre type needed Text (P1000 OR P3000 OR P5000 OR P7000).Indicates which tyre type best suits the car Last change date Date/time Should display the date in days, months and years. Example Accounts Database Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Autonumber Must be indexed, duplicates not OK No. of cars Number Preferably looks up quantity of cars listed 5% drop? Boolean Tick box Customer Name Text Normal Text Customer allot Text Normal Text Customer Postcode Text Normal Text Example flowing jobs Database Fieldname Type Description Customer Accoun t Number Number Identifies customer ( search from customer accounts, duplicates OK)Car ID Number Duplicates not OK.. Date in Date Reg number Text ( ) Lookup from car table, by car ID Tyre type needed Number Must be below that in the tyre stocks field for that particular tyre in the tyre stock table Example Tyre stocks Database Fieldname Type Description Tyre Type ID Autonumber Gives a primary key for lookup functions Manufacturer ID Text P1000, P3000 P5000, P7000 Tyre price Currency Cost of tyre to buy Number of tyres in stock Number Gives tyre stock Reports Invoice report Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Autonumber Lookup from Accounts table.Car ID Number Lookup from car table 5% discount Boolean Lookup from accounts Sub total Currency formula 1 VAT/ other tax formula 2 Total Currency formula 3 Cars due in report Fieldname Type Description Customer ID Number Lookup from Accounts table Car ID Number Lookup from car table Car Reg Text string Lookup from car table Last tyres da te Date Lookup from car table Queries Name Function qryaccount Inputting an account number allows the user to access that customers history qryRegistration.Inputting a valid adjustment number will reveal the owner and other details qrytyrestocks Allows the user to enter a tyre type and view details of how many tyres of that type are left in stock, and how much they are sold to the customer for. qryCarsduein Allows the user to enter a date and view details of the cars that are due for new tyres Validation rules.To ensure the smooth running of the database, it is important to ensure that errors are found and corrected by the user. To ensure these errors are detected, the following measures have been implemented. Format checks all dates input into the system must be in the format DD/MM/YYYY.For instance, a date like 02/06/2002 will be accepted, but anything not in this format or a letter will create the following error message The short date criteria means data is only accepted in nu merical A similar set of rules apply for the car readjustment numbers. They must be in the new style European format, or this error box will appear Range check A date from before 1950 is very unlikely to be valid. Since Tods tyres hasnt been round very long, a rule preventing dates from before 1953 being put in is useful. Query Design.Firstly, we need a query to highlight cars which are due in for new tyres, i. e. those which the last tyres date was over a year ago. To do this, we can set up the following query. Standard letter query handle displayed = Car ID, Customer address, customer postcode, date due in Criteria for Date due in date() + 365 This query will produce a list of the cars which are due in for new tyres this list can then be used to set up a mail merger, so that the customers address, postcode and the adjustment of the car will be inserted into the letter. An example of this letter is attached at the back of the report.An example of this could be given by a car w ith a last tyres date of 02/05/2001. This would be picked up by the query, and entered into the mail merge letter with the owners address and postcode. Dataflow diagram Level one diagram Why use a database? Databases are very practical methods of data storage, because they provide a very simple, uncluttered GUI for a novice user, but can prove very powerful tools for searching and the like for the advanced user. This is why I decided not to use Excel the interface is comparatively complex in relation, and may confuse the first-time user.Also, databases allow for many more types of record to be shown there is the option to publish the results in an individual record card, which Excel cannot do. Test plan Test number Description anticipate result 1 Security password Only accepts correct password 2 Relationships cross referencing Extending a field in one table will show relevant contents of other tables. 3 Relationships Real-time updating Updating one table will update the other t ables correctly 4 Query Searching for Customers by name will provide the desired result 5.Invoice lookup The mail merges produce the correct customer details, car registration number etc 6 Invoice deliberation 5% discount is applied correctly, totals are added up correctly and end result is formatted correctly (e. g. as a currency) 7 Car registration Validation rules An incorrect format for a car registration will be picked up 8 Date validation rules An impossible date for a new car (e. g. 1953) would be picked up on. 9 Switchboard functionality Changing the amount of tyres left in the patchboard should update the tyre stocks table.10 Tyre usage rule The current jobs table wont accept more than 5 tyres being fitted at a time. Testing report 1. On opening the database, the user is asked for a password before the database will open. If the password specified is incorrect, the database will refuse access 2. Extending an unveiling in the accounts field can display data for the cars owned by a particular account holder 3. Updating the last tyres date in the table above has updated the data in the victor table, so that one table can be used to change or update another 4.Searching for fussy, the name of one of the customers, brings up the file for Mr. Cross account. 5. The mail merge correctly inserts Elliot Cross Name, Address and Postcode successfully into the table 6. The mail merge also inserts a final paragraph, strung-out on whether the account holder is entitled to a 5% discount. 6. An invalid car registration number is picked up by the validation rule 7. The validation rule stops the user from inputting a very suspectable value, a date before 1953 for a new car 8. Using the switchboard to increase tyre stocks (e. g.following a delivery of fresh tyres) automatically updates the tyre stocks table.The table is updated successfully, which suggests the switchboard has allowed for real-time editing of the database 9. Because of the following validation rules in the tyres used field Putting in a value greater than 5 or lower than 1 produces the following error message Evaluation The system has left Tod with a powerful database of stock and account details. This has completely computerised the system, making it more efficient and productive. This has meant addresses are accessible at the touch of a button, saving time.The added increase in staff morale has made the firm more efficient, as happier workers are more productive. This increased efficiency will save the firm money in the short run. This means extra profit for the firm. However, improvements could still be made in the future, including these points 1. Connecting the system to the internet, allowing Tod to simply email reminders to interested clients. This would make the entire system more reliable and efficient, since repel costs are reduced by eliminating the need for a clerk to put the letters in envelopes, etc.It also reduces the possibility for human error, as long as the details are correctly input in the first place. 2. Upgrading the computer to make the system more stable. More RAM in future upgrades may prove particularly useful. Also, over time the company may wish to transfer the details into a bespoke system. This would maximise processing power, since RAM is being dedicated only to the basic functions of the database, and not unnecessary functions such as a windows shell. Also, it would reduce the possibility of time being slothful by employees on unrelated applications, like games on the computer. Tom ONeill Page 2 07/05/07.